Both observations and theoretical models now establish that the solar system’s five belts ofasteroids and comets are very rare for planetary systems. In other planetary systems, asteroids and comets are either far less than in our solar system (even nonexistent) or they are hundreds or thousands of times more numerous than ours. Either way, the properties of asteroids and comets in these extrasolar planetary systems rule out the possibility of advanced life. In a new study, two NASA astronomers explain why the solar system possesses such an extraordinary population of asteroids and comets, an explanation that demonstrates more evidence for supernatural design.

Our solar system possesses five belts of asteroids and comets.

1. the Main Belt (between Mars and Jupiter)
2. the Centaurs (between Jupiter and Neptune)
3. the Scattered Belt (extends from just outside Uranus’ orbit, out to twenty billion miles from the Sun)
4. the Kuiper Belt (exists just outside Neptune’s orbit, between four and six billion miles out from the Sun)
5. the Oort Cloud (extends from about ten billion to two trillion miles out from the Sun).

For advanced life to be possible on a planet, the surrounding planetary system must be extraordinarily fine-tuned—including its asteroids and comets. Belts that are too massive or too close will deliver too many devastating collisions and far too much water. On the other hand, asteroid and comet belts that are insufficiently massive or too far away will fail to provide the water and heavy metals that advanced life and civilization needs.

Terrestrial planets like Mercury, Venus, and Earth form in a dry region of a protoplanetary disk.¹ Therefore, for water to exist on such a planet it must be delivered to its surface via comets (which can be as much as 85 percent water) and asteroids (which can be more than 10 percent water). However, too much water delivery can be a problem in that even very aggressive plate tectonic activity will fail to generate enough silicate material to produce exposed continental landmasses. Meanwhile, too little water will result in oceans too small to sustain an adequate water cycle or to efficiently recycle nutrients.

In addition to the just-right amounts of water, Earth also needs just-right amounts of heavy elements to support human civilization. Yet early Earth was molten and its gravity pulled heavy elements into its core, leaving its surface depleted of these elements. Again, it took asteroids and comets to salt Earth’s crust with resources such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, gold, and platinum.

Two NASA astronomers, Rebecca Martin and Mario Livio, referred to computer simulations²establishing that asteroids form adjacent to a planetary system’s snow line.³ The snow line refers to the distance from a star at which water and other volatiles (such as ammonia and methane) freeze into solid grains. For the present-day solar system the snow line is 40–50 million miles inside the orbit of Jupiter.⁴ Martin and Livio then tabulated observations of warm dust orbiting 20 solar-type stars.⁵ This warm dust, the signature of exoasteroid belts, is consistently located at the snow lines of the stars.

The formation of an asteroid belt depends upon the existence of a giant planet orbiting beyond the snow line. However, observations of extrasolar giant planets reveal that more than 94 percent orbit their stars inside the snow line.⁶ Theoretical models confirm that the vast majority of giant planets, having formed, will continue to interact with planetesimals and undergo substantial inward migration. Such inward migration typically obliterates a planetary system’s asteroid and comet belts.

One team of researchers demonstrated that in only 1–2 percent of planetary systems will the most massive planet linger somewhere near Jupiter’s orbital distance.⁷ This rarity may explain why warm dust is observed around so few stars.

Martin and Livio point out, however, that a small amount of migration is needed to remove a large enough fraction of asteroids and comets—otherwise, too many impact events will occur on the terrestrial planets and prevent life from existing.

For a giant planet to not migrate it must form at the same time that the gas in the interplanetary disk is depleted completely. As Martin and Livio explain, “There appears to be a very narrow ‘window of opportunity’ of time during which the giant planet should form in order for the correct amount of migration to take place—potentially making our Solar system even more special.”⁸

Indeed, Martin and Livio provide yet one more example of the evidence accumulating for the supernatural design of the solar system for the specific benefit of human beings and human civilization. Let’s thank God for the exquisite design of our solar system’s five belts of asteroids and comets that make it possible for us to exist.

*** Will Myers

The majority of persons today have not a clue of who Jesus is, neither do they know His dynamic relationship to God in this ever-changing temporal existence.

Jesus, the Son of God, possessed God’s Holy Spirit. As a man He had material limits, but on the other hand He introduced new physics supernaturally.

Mark 3:11;  “And unclean spirits, when they saw him, fell down before him, and cried, saying, Thou art the Son of God.”

Mark 5:7;  “And cried with a loud voice, and said, What have I to do with thee, Jesus, thou Son of the most high God? I adjure thee by God, that thou torment me not.”

John 11:11;  “These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep [Raise from the dead].”

In Jesus, we are justified. Believers can stand against tyranny from the government. One person can stand in the name of Jesus against the wild winds of public inflammation. Our inalienable rights as guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution are ineffective without a faith in God alone with the written Word of God because God gives us through Jesus our desired inalienable rights; all others only claim that they are giving us our inalienable rights and liberties, but is for themselves at the end of the day, and refuses to accept a citizen’s desires.  Special interest groups who target private citizens (SIG-down) are bad; SIG-up is good because they watch the government, but SIG-down has no respect of privacy and shall change our form of government toward a police state if allowed to grow. Ephesians 6:12;  “For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places.”

In the Spirit of Jesus, we can create as our Creator; just speak the words that are in the Will of God through Jesus Christ, and it shall come into being. We, in the name of Jesus, has been authorized by God as described in the scriptures to do the same acts or miracles that the Son of God did.

*** Will Myers

The scriptures say; “Seek God’s Kingdom and His Righteousness, and All shall be added unto you” (All means All if Spirit is Right firstly).  Philippians 4:19;  “And this same God who takes care of me will supply all your needs from his glorious riches, which have been given to us in Christ Jesus.”  Philippians 3:8;  “Yes, everything else is worthless when compared with the infinite value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have discarded everything else, counting it all as garbage, so that I could gain Christ.” The Glory of God is infinite.

Acts 2:38; “Peter said to them, “Each one of you must turn away from your sins and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, so that your sins will be forgiven; and you will receive God’s gift, the Holy Spirit.” God’s Holy Spirit Who is possessed by Jesus, The Son Of God, is more joyful than if one gains all material wealth in the world, for your soul shall know no death.

Revelation 12:10; “And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night.”

*** Will Myers

Albert Einstein is well know for being a genius of physics, but his views on the welfare of the human race is also outstanding. I am sure that he could have advanced Intelligent Design, but in a general sense He did.

1. “Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution.”
2. “I, at any rate, am convinced that He (God) does not throw dice.”
3. “The important thing is not to stop questioning; curiosity has its own reason for existing.”
4. “Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.”
5. “Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I’m not sure about the universe.”
6. “Falling in love is not at all the most stupid thing that people do — but gravitation cannot be held responsible for it.”
7. “The most beautiful experience we can have is the mysterious. It is the fundamental emotion that stands at the cradle of true art and true science.”
8. “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”
9. “Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value”
10. “The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.”
11. “The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits.”
12. “Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.”
13. “Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas.”
14. “Nature shows us only the tail of the lion. But I do not doubt that the lion belongs to it even though he cannot at once reveal himself because of his enormous size.”
15. “Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.
16. 1. “Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. The mediocre mind is incapable of understanding the man who refuses to bow blindly to conventional prejudices and chooses instead to express his opinions courageously and honestly.”
    2. “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.”
    3. “My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior spirit who reveals himself in the slight details we are able to perceive with our frail and feeble mind.”
    4. “Peace cannot be kept by force. It can only be achieved by understanding.”
    5. “I never think of the future. It comes soon enough.”
    6. “Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics, I can assure you that mine are all greater”
    7. “In order to form an immaculate member of a flock of sheep one must, above all, be a sheep.”
    8. “The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible.”
    9. “Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.”
    10. “Truth is what stands the test of experience.”
    11. “Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving”
    12. “Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”
    13. “Human knowledge and skills alone cannot lead humanity to a happy and dignified life. Humanity has every reason to place the proclaimers of high moral standards and values above the discoverers of objective truth.”
    14. “Few people are capable of expressing with equanimity opinions which differ from the prejudices of their social environment. Most people are even incapable of forming such opinions.”
    15. “Common sense is nothing more than a deposit of prejudices laid down by the mind before you reach eighteen.”
    16. 

Several heinous acts by individuals were publicized during the past 24 months. These are the ones which was in the media; I am sure that there were many more not in the media. Most of them had one unnoticed factor; the perpetrator didn’t believed in Christianity, and two perpetrators actually denounced Christianity in writing. Murder and other heinous acts has increased over the past few years such as mass shootings at the job site.

America has become a more violent country; the cause is partially due to the infestation of drugs on the streets, but another part of the cause for an increase in violence is due to the negative movement against Christianity such as banding prayer and all Christian symbols from the campus of American public schools. Statistics nonequivalently has shown that crime among youths has drastically increased. The value of life has decrease noticeably among our youth.

My opinion concerning the increase in violence is that persons doesn’t have the option of exercising a faith. Revenge is not satisfactory unless more damaged is done by the revenge act than what the original act that gave cause for revenge. As a result, we have an enormous increase of violence. In faith, God rewards those who forgive, and accepts the way of the Lord. God’s rewards far exceeds those of murdering the subject who performed the original act that justified the revengeful act in return. In faith, when one believes that God is right and everyone else is wrong is not going to return to the job site and perpetrate mass murders and mayhem.

Our youth should have the option to gather and pray to God, and the right to display symbols of their faith anywhere in America. Let the sweetness of Christ Jesus ease the bitterness in our nation, and bring us to a gentler and kinder nation. The many acts of revenge shall drastically decrease. Peace!

*** Will Myers

Equipping Message for the New Year and welcome to a new chapter—make that a brand new volume—in the ongoing Reasons to Believe story, which you are helping to write. Before heading home from the DC area, my last trip of the year, I decided to go to Baltimore for the annual Evangelical Theological Society conference. At this gathering of nearly 2,500 pastors, professors, seminary students, missionaries, evangelists, and ministry leaders, my plan was to take in some lectures, interact with fellow conferees, and lend a hand at RTB’s booth. By divine design, this year’s booth was situated in a prime location, just outside the main meeting area on the way to food services. During my first visit to the RTB booth, a cluster of seminary students spotted me and stopped. “We have questions,” they said, and they meant it. Having just heard a panel discussion on Adam, they wanted to know whether the scientific evidence really does rule out the possibility that humanity descended from one human pair. I was glad to assure them it does not. Another group came by to discuss the notion of “middle knowledge,” which many evangelicals consider the best or only solution to the seeming contradiction of free will and predestination. Among the passersby who heard our discussion topic, one man stopped to recommend my book Beyond the Cosmos. He told the group it would help them retain their grip on God’s sovereignty without negating the reality of human choice. That’s what it did for him, he said. To my amazement, a contingent of pastors and theologians from Denmark approached the booth joyfully exclaiming, “You’re here!” It turns out they are fans of RTB. Our books and resources, they reported, have been vital to their outreach endeavors, especially among Danish students. All of these interactions brought me encouragement, but there’s one message I heard again and again that moved me deeply. I hope it touches you, as well. More pastors and professors than I can count approached me at some point during the conference to say, “Your ministry rescued my faith during a time of struggle and doubt. Please keep reporting new scientific support for the reliability of Scripture. And don’t forget that people both outside and inside the church need your ministry.” I want this flood of appreciation to drench everyone involved with Reasons to Believe, everyone who invests time and energy, prayer and money in our endeavors. May it also propel RTB forward, like a mighty wave, toward fulfillment of our vision to impact at least 5 million lives this year via media and in-person outreach. Our primary aim is to equip those who can and will influence countless others. With the help of new communications technology, we can accomplish more outreach than ever. We’ve seen the benefit of even simple tools such as Skype and tablet devices. Consider how much more we can do with media that transport our scholars into multiple, interactive seminary classrooms at once or into private homes and public meeting places around the world.

*** Will Myers

I have questioned and sought what is the universal truth for many years, and have concluded the following testimony: science supports Christianity. Christianity is supported by mathematics and physics, our basic science. Christianity can be logically proven; as a matter of fact Christianity has all above investigations by man within as a subset. The rational derivatives of what is truth, what is our purpose, and what is fulfillment of life is encompassed by Christianity.

Lets consider a form, an expression of our metaphysical states; the God Equation, QV(S(1))qv(1) + QV(S(2))qv(2) = QV(S(3))[qv(1) + qv(2)]. This form represents the dynamics of our mind, collectively and individually which is an identity in the spiritual dimension and our physical world dimensions that are four dimensions, three spacial dimensions and a time dimension. The symbols, QV, represents the immutables in the physical world such as principles and laws which are constantly imposing at each and any point in existence. God is an absolute, and His attributes are immutable which are unchangeable. Man studies the immutable; therefore, man studies God in our search for the absolute.

Matthew 16:19; “And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”

In the God Equation we have a convergence of S(1) + S(2) = S(3); this process is a binding in process. The key is Jesus Who is our identity between our spiritual dimension and our four dimensions in the physical world. The God Equation applies to any point in existence. At the same instant, all of the attributes of God are imposing at one point during one eternal moment, and they are inseparable, but distinguishable. On the other hand, all attributes of God are imposing on the entire universe at one instant. This is the omnipresent power of God Who is everywhere at all times.

Jesus, the Son of God Who is God among us, is necessary in order to distinguish what attribute(s) of God are to be displayed or distinguished during an interval of time because the correct attribute(s) tends to attract other attributes of truth which keep us in the Will of God that leads One to a higher state of consciousness; one after another. The process of loosening is at times a good divergence in order to move One from a lower consciousness unto a higher consciousness. Man has always diverged at times as represented symbolically by S(3) = S(2) + S(1) in the God Equation until repentance and the return to the straight and narrow path to the truth; S(1) + S(2) = S(3).

So, man studies immutables in search of what is absolute. The God Equation, QV[S(1)]qv(1) + QV[S(2)]qv(2) = QV[S(3)][qv(1) + qv(2)] is a special case; a subset of the total knowledge of Jesus. The symbol qv represents knowledge accrued by man who imposes on all dimensions. All accrued knowledge by man is a subset of Jesus’s knowledge; the one identity in which man is seeking that contain all attributes of Heaven, the Kingdom of God.

Jesus is our Savior and Lord Who guides us through all truths.

*** Will Myers

It is becoming increasingly evident that, unlike the 797 known extrasolar planetary systems, the Sun’s array of planets is exquisitely fine-tuned for the existence of advanced life. Recent studies of Jupiter and Saturn add substantially to the accumulating evidence for why, in spite of the probable existence of billions of planets in the Milky Way Galaxy, our solar system may be alone in manifesting all the attributes for sustaining advanced life.

Measurements of features from 1,050 exoplanets, plus dozens of extrasolar asteroid and comet belts, have yielded increasing evidence for the uniqueness of the solar system’s characteristics that make advanced life possible on Earth. These feature measurements have enabled theoreticians to develop detailed formation models that, in turn, reveal how exquisitely designed our solar system planets are for making possible the existence of advanced life on Earth.

In 2011, I wrote a six-article series entitled “The Remarkable Design of the Solar System’s Turbulent Youth.” In part five, I discuss the “jumping Jupiter” effect that explains the current orbits of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune while solving other astronomy problems, such as why Mars is not many times more massive than it is, why additional planets do not exist between Mars and Jupiter, and why the inner part of the Main Belt of asteroids (between Mars and Jupiter) is severely depleted. For reasons discussed in my series, all four phenomena are crucial for advanced life on Earth.

In the jumping Jupiter scenario, either Uranus or Neptune experienced a close encounter with Saturn and was, consequently, scattered inward. That inward migration resulted in the traveling gas giant experiencing a close encounter with Jupiter wherein it was strongly scattered outward. And this second close encounter led to a rapid increase in the separation between Jupiter and Saturn’s orbits.¹

For the jumping Jupiter scenario to explain the four critical features of the solar system it must be designed to an exceptionally fine-tuned degree—so exceptional as to imply the miraculous intervention of the Creator God of the Bible. In a recent journal article, two astronomers addressed the question of whether a less complicated and fine-tuned developmental history of the solar system could explain how the configuration of the planets came about.² They investigated the effects of planetesimal-driven migrations on the formation of the inner planets and the possible 1:2 orbital resonances that orbital excitations of Jupiter and Saturn might generate.

Using the most sophisticated computer simulations available, the two astronomers discovered that for a few of their trial runs they could produce analogs of both Venus and Earth—duplicating both their masses and orbits. However, none of their runs could explain both Mars’ small mass and the low values of Mars’ inclination and eccentricity or the absence of planets between Mars and Jupiter. The two astronomers concluded that a scenario at least as complex and fine-tuned as the jumping Jupiter phenomenon indeed appears necessary.

In another recent issue of the Astrophysical Journal, the team that proposed and worked out the jumping Jupiter scenario (aka the Nice model) published a paper demonstrating that the scenario explains several more extraordinary solar system features, namely the relatively high orbital inclinations, the wide distribution in orbital inclinations, and the population asymmetry in Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids.³ These Trojan asteroids share Jupiter’s orbit, occupying the two Lagrangian points of stability (see figure) that are located 60° ahead and behind Jupiter in its orbit.

Figure: Jupiter’s Lagrange Points (Wikimedia/Creative Commons)
Newtonian mechanics predicts five special Lagrange points in the vicinity of two orbiting masses where a third, smaller mass or several much smaller masses can orbit at a fixed point from the larger masses. At both L4 and L5 along Jupiter’s orbit a total of 5,921 asteroids have been discovered,⁴ which add up to a little more than ten percent of all the asteroids in the Main Belt.

The jumping Jupiter phenomenon explains fine details in the size and structure of Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids, which substantially enhances the credibility of the phenomenon in particular and the Nice model in general. The quantity and degree of fine-tuning evidences so far revealed in the features of the solar system shouts of extreme care and meticulous design. It helps explain why none of the extrasolar planetary systems comes close to mirroring the solar system. It shows how much the Creator invested into the early development of the solar system for the specific benefit of Earth’s advanced life and for humans and their civilization in particular. The conclusion that the Creator is expressing an extremely high value, love, and purpose for humans seems unavoidable.

*** Will Myers

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